{"id":"W1570060061","doi":"10.1002/0470842555.ch43","title":"Bias and Confounding in Pharmacoepidemiology","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Pharmacoepidemiology","topic":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Jewish General Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Pharmacoepidemiology; Confounding; Computer science; Econometrics; Medicine; Mathematics; Pharmacology; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01465877,0.0008907668,0.001182125,0.002927267,0.0007082233,0.002640106,0.001073215,0.001539737,0.0180124],"category_scores_gemma":[0.06346907,0.0005021584,0.0004993125,0.005305323,0.00300253,0.004667513,0.001484754,0.002673108,0.001717812],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00218163,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002071261,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00237516,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002209167,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9903734,0.007279445,0.0003597488,0.0004336284,0.001465173,0.00008873822],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9545926,0.04119168,0.0009467371,0.001710315,0.001354671,0.000203979],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002347135,0.00001841748,0.0008242064,0.000376274,0.00004380808,0.00005521691,0.0001444629,0.002577567,0.00003362997,0.8091808,0.03403644,0.1526857],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001093899,0.000003860045,0.0002594393,0.0001176108,0.00001202858,0.00005185105,0.00002704242,0.002427283,0.00005237452,0.9716717,0.02536033,0.000005525222],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.004709184,0.1298134,0.5705078,0.1042184,0.003947362,0.0001586531,0.0007785792,0.0005272288,0.1853394],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2481619,0.1925444,0.3720697,0.01692804,0.01729768,0.000777587,0.0007141469,0.0004061577,0.1511004],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9853413,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07752389,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.4045702089123721,"score_gpt":0.5390313703409946,"score_spread":0.1344611614286225,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}