{"id":"W1570788369","doi":"10.21432/t2g01q","title":"A Comparison of Participation Patterns in Selected Formal, Non-formal, and Informal Online Learning Environments / Comparaison des modes de participation dans des environnements formels, non formels et informels d'apprentissage en ligne","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology","topic":"Online and Blended Learning","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"","keywords":"Ligne; Humanities; Formal learning; Sociology; Philosophy; Pedagogy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002869517,0.0001851394,0.0002691176,0.001920891,0.0007020272,0.001104051,0.0003557978,0.0003514389,0.00152357],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01312798,0.0001316849,0.0002008996,0.001314282,0.0005607559,0.0008748122,0.001458476,0.000269418,0.0002766438],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003882337,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005026298,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001178941,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002817114,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968396,0.001879301,0.0002473001,0.0002882322,0.0004504773,0.0002949976],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9827193,0.01221498,0.001837816,0.000519447,0.00197081,0.0007376617],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001208186,0.0003810147,0.4033831,0.0009699921,0.00005382381,0.001040757,0.4053423,0.0004368342,0.01929276,0.001618739,0.0006480888,0.1656243],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002489255,0.0008379117,0.7444533,0.000194138,0.00002859249,0.0006453771,0.2367477,0.00096032,0.005461154,0.001030817,0.009549883,0.00006607129],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967976,0.00006601945,0.001420545,0.00003354838,0.000003828304,0.0000625567,0.0001098336,0.00001281285,0.001493305],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965617,0.00009226924,0.001566951,0.00001431965,0.000004902755,0.0001795723,0.0001968671,0.0000105918,0.001372826],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002869517,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01517564,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02208490646470103,"score_gpt":0.3338181792090286,"score_spread":0.3117332727443276,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}