{"id":"W1572259525","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1493204","title":"CEO Manipulation of Stock-Option Grants: Evidence from Canadian Public Firms","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Corporate Finance and Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Stock options; Stock (firearms); Initial public offering; Accounting; Finance; Financial system","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003716022,0.0003083254,0.0004917328,0.002489295,0.004407574,0.004350151,0.001690064,0.002486137,0.005033892],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03248063,0.0003320812,0.0002228592,0.004366756,0.003025846,0.001092797,0.001065235,0.001689801,0.0005050342],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02851587,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0317408,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9542487,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9759731,"domain_scores_codex":[0.995198,0.0004160849,0.0001357354,0.0003151177,0.002501781,0.001433349],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9441206,0.01805909,0.02116539,0.002196329,0.01064268,0.003815858],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001573947,0.0008914887,0.9176399,0.0003235034,0.0002200103,0.0008373903,0.012735,0.0005655364,0.002339794,0.005360857,0.01347314,0.04403938],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008666839,0.00009072536,0.985198,0.00006444359,0.0001278684,0.00007929017,0.005375575,0.0002401033,0.000611299,0.0004251598,0.00766073,0.00004023918],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9773548,0.002078003,0.00009015576,0.002577597,0.00002104405,0.00005631998,0.0008200817,0.00001301573,0.01698883],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951794,0.0009904696,0.0000566003,0.0004080409,0.00003100409,0.00001001319,0.000322919,0.000004150999,0.002997393],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04575133,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2068981,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02489534937672844,"score_gpt":0.2204040237077016,"score_spread":0.1955086743309731,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}