{"id":"W1572789758","doi":"","title":"The Standard of Proof in Complementary Protection Cases: Comparative Approaches in North America and Europe","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"European Criminal Justice and Data Protection","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Convention; Refugee; Context (archaeology); Directive; Political science; Jurisprudence; Law; Nexus (standard); Law and economics; Sociology; Engineering; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001239543,0.00007214143,0.0001337826,0.00008681235,0.0005726521,0.00002558952,0.0001384604,0.0000161804,0.000003820897],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001117936,0.00005417396,0.00001867067,0.000424234,0.0003160524,0.0002268336,0.00002977275,0.0007939399,0.00000189189],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003427909,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008178169,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002970109,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.211739,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998184,0.0005618855,0.0002514442,0.0001203117,0.0002361115,0.0006462304],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996086,0.00007417804,0.0001597747,0.00006442705,0.00006011003,0.00003290001],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.007955893,0.001028001,0.1072809,0.0001617631,0.0003068854,0.0002663283,0.2686603,0.001451508,0.0004254863,0.101875,0.0003776315,0.5102103],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003207706,0.00688848,0.05604213,0.0001353047,0.00009156487,0.0009614246,0.8488349,0.000720291,0.0002690777,0.01240843,0.06982404,0.0006166765],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951643,0.001146205,0.00149568,0.0006863907,0.0000344802,0.0004726211,0.000006136601,0.00000644406,0.0009877824],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9934568,0.006330081,0.00005246206,0.0000133437,0.00006676643,0.00001036427,0.000002924786,0.000005092788,0.00006216546],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5801746,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8026447,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1096397717841121,"score_gpt":0.3119756344448016,"score_spread":0.2023358626606896,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}