{"id":"W1572954400","doi":"10.4271/2005-01-2149","title":"Source Apportionment of Particulate Matter from a Diesel Pilot-Ignited Natural Gas Fuelled Heavy Duty DI Engine","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series","topic":"Vehicle emissions and performance","field":"Engineering","cited_by":47,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Particulates; Apportionment; Heavy duty; Environmental science; Natural gas; Waste management; Diesel exhaust; Diesel fuel; Diesel engine; Diesel particulate filter; Automotive engineering; Engineering; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001850953,0.0006097985,0.0003503788,0.00191724,0.0005068468,0.0003146509,0.0005175987,0.0003885529,0.004127405],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000231737,0.000182119,0.0003513643,0.0008465202,0.0001545118,0.0002338748,0.0003508989,0.0002804358,0.0007405582],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004060032,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002658316,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01131119,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01265342,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997603,0.000006455266,0.00001066922,0.00004474275,0.0001598287,0.0000179195],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999855,0.00003846396,0.00001587725,0.00001071759,0.00007025056,0.000009727977],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002565309,0.0006083532,0.06700714,0.0009064489,0.0001737357,0.005277625,0.0004715619,0.004761716,0.8260223,0.000302969,0.004347929,0.08755492],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001305677,0.0009347576,0.3223633,0.00007502759,0.0001527958,0.0008413024,0.0006685078,0.01833057,0.6466798,0.0003306618,0.009411557,0.00008123976],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9783251,0.000251354,0.003558115,0.00006552534,0.00006776581,0.0001831665,0.007886388,0.0005495979,0.009113157],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9814082,0.0003653239,0.003428756,0.00006625446,0.00001831737,0.00008226186,0.006427999,0.0001225285,0.008080387],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01131119,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02249074,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008369860143078915,"score_gpt":0.2143515998546409,"score_spread":0.205981739711562,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}