{"id":"W1577673877","doi":"10.1023/a:1026006801902","title":"Argumentation and Evidence","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Metamedicine","topic":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","field":"Medicine","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Health Sciences Centre; University of Toronto; Sunnybrook Health Science Centre","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Philosophy of medicine; Dialogical self; Informal logic; Epistemology; Relevance (law); Context (archaeology); Empirical evidence; Evidence-based medicine; Rationality; Psychology; Engineering ethics; MEDLINE; Alternative medicine; Medicine; Philosophy; Political science; Law; Argumentation theory","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005296031,0.00006874996,0.0002067053,0.00004109123,0.00002587146,0.000005686722,0.00001629479,0.0000346766,0.0003454066],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0591967,0.00004777873,0.0000276485,0.0001156234,0.0000850554,0.00003439922,0.000006269333,0.00009313232,0.0000464966],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001345748,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003899828,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001579899,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001096487,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993224,0.00004000394,0.000173141,0.0001623049,0.0001893065,0.0001129066],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962504,0.003341679,0.00003873414,0.0001474822,0.00004547303,0.0001762286],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000311555,0.0004884024,0.7875192,0.0002026233,0.0002137801,0.0003117564,0.0007752859,0.00000250939,0.0132686,0.01223302,0.01646206,0.1682112],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.008181173,0.002274592,0.9382895,0.00815588,0.001302784,0.0007561911,0.0005393272,0.000187348,0.01247112,0.002801632,0.02473713,0.0003032846],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9786021,0.009047415,0.001130809,0.005051774,0.0002274084,0.0002040944,3.375218e-7,0.00004410671,0.005691937],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99232,0.0007615649,0.002638312,0.002643363,0.00008492011,0.000008531765,0.000003047842,0.000006771691,0.00153347],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.167908,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9487281,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06111398801593036,"score_gpt":0.3871033470182868,"score_spread":0.3259893590023564,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}