{"id":"W1577940501","doi":"10.1007/s12630-008-9007-4","title":"Posing the research question: not so simple","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d anesthésie","topic":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":182,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University; St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton","funders":"","keywords":"Framing (construction); Randomized controlled trial; Clinical research; MEDLINE; Psychology; Medicine; Surgery; Political science; History; Pathology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","open_science","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.2199185,0.001291925,0.01255338,0.006009221,0.0044904,0.008439444,0.01195619,0.0008129443,0.004811035],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04149882,0.000594379,0.009106822,0.006053389,0.001265634,0.0008369638,0.00007776791,0.00550873,0.001661969],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002292852,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.03441769,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005722501,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01682592,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9281986,0.03726875,0.01960636,0.001126476,0.01173729,0.002062482],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9451959,0.01077634,0.02154525,0.004746917,0.01194267,0.005792966],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007342005,0.00001672612,0.00008875683,0.0003644885,0.0005112873,0.3076259,0.0009319242,0.00004319039,3.960702e-8,0.0009784332,0.2654087,0.4240232],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007443353,0.0001350059,0.00003361555,0.001791191,0.0004969177,0.4876662,0.0003305484,0.000009169743,7.01833e-8,0.0006857562,0.5084825,0.0002946231],"study_design_candidate":"case_report","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.001057926,0.9903663,0.00004709423,0.005286604,0.0008636887,0.0009457782,0.00002316979,0.000003156083,0.001406241],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002040625,0.9863291,0.0004606945,0.0002196499,0.003756489,0.00001953935,0.00001381104,0.000163757,0.006996347],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4237285,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999833,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.5652710327448559,"score_gpt":0.4883176075548215,"score_spread":0.0769534251900344,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}