{"id":"W1579819222","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1517255","title":"Investment in Intangible Assets in Canada: R&amp;D, Innovation, Brand, and Mining, Oil and Gas Exploration Expenditures","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Economic Growth and Productivity","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Government of Canada; Statistics Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Investment (military); Fossil fuel; Commerce; Natural resource economics; Cryptocurrency; Industrial organization; Finance; Economics; Waste management; Engineering; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005492307,0.0004646307,0.000527541,0.002281726,0.001543937,0.002948385,0.001419153,0.00118826,0.01162081],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002978238,0.0003441107,0.0007697374,0.006185332,0.0007456576,0.001217676,0.001147514,0.001713105,0.0007567487],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.06529023,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.100217,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9981719,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.999038,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990884,0.00003299611,0.00005681092,0.0001097169,0.0003300447,0.0003820231],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.995783,0.0004029193,0.0007860049,0.00006036279,0.001760431,0.001207371],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003709444,0.0001707678,0.9073561,0.0002515211,0.0003209826,0.0004340543,0.0008296705,0.008926412,0.0004443766,0.02094149,0.02731919,0.0326345],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005062537,0.00005687508,0.950496,0.0002359399,0.0003287563,0.0001546736,0.003231043,0.01084104,0.0009830344,0.002395659,0.03114409,0.00008227017],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9206431,0.006572981,0.0005145336,0.008611254,0.00009228871,0.00005792948,0.04196844,0.000132171,0.02140732],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9510745,0.004255446,0.000488948,0.0003326078,0.00003472648,0.00001435677,0.008705964,0.00002484305,0.03506878],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9347098,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.473716,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02269229198853417,"score_gpt":0.2130468870299149,"score_spread":0.1903545950413807,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}