{"id":"W1585861394","doi":"10.22329/il.v24i1.2131","title":"Applying Soundness Standards to Qualified Reasoning","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Informal Logic","topic":"Free Will and Agency","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Soundness; Ceteris paribus; Argument (complex analysis); Epistemology; Process (computing); Computer science; Philosophy; Programming language; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002689297,0.0001269864,0.000125706,0.0000773091,0.0002566359,0.0001016316,0.000291281,0.00005227126,0.0001067179],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006588149,0.0001017158,0.00005015885,0.0003353162,0.00005067887,0.000404633,0.0001177763,0.0001357387,0.0003996567],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000732454,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001025974,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005122179,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001511165,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987264,0.00001648868,0.0002258757,0.000197828,0.0004446499,0.0003887844],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995348,0.0000361528,0.00005696536,0.0001985163,0.0000418437,0.0001316635],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002608489,0.000138596,0.0006447748,0.0001034123,0.000007642429,0.0002482244,0.00662131,0.02439345,0.1360491,0.7622514,0.001202282,0.06807894],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003280915,0.001116993,0.002982887,0.0002918754,0.00001967621,0.0003226156,0.001616907,0.0004724126,0.4289237,0.0342891,0.5249605,0.001722399],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7290059,0.00003754371,0.02163909,0.0006873515,0.0008571778,0.0007591694,0.00006841747,0.0004495405,0.2464958],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.99463,0.000006044209,0.000815283,0.003899809,0.00008980602,0.00008400836,0.000001717861,0.000009013642,0.0004642732],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7279623,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5136912,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04761021898498224,"score_gpt":0.3078718082185359,"score_spread":0.2602615892335536,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}