{"id":"W1586679719","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1631074","title":"Building Political Collusion: Evidence from Procurement Auctions","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Auction Theory and Applications","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"HEC Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Common value auction; Procurement; Collusion; Business; Politics; Value (mathematics); Limit (mathematics); Set (abstract data type); Microeconomics; Industrial organization; Economics; Marketing; Political science; Law; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005854093,0.0001304008,0.0001687079,0.0001678281,0.0009838684,0.0002813556,0.0008978443,0.00009575664,0.0009478678],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002579823,0.00009747472,0.0001444333,0.0006027733,0.0001626323,0.000534806,0.000106868,0.002301112,0.000474394],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003628396,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001812127,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000625115,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005413785,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9963579,0.0001697605,0.0005633707,0.00038156,0.001007275,0.00152011],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978162,0.0008335422,0.0002490006,0.0004769915,0.0003678635,0.0002564258],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001901867,0.00004893326,0.0008966169,2.077207e-7,0.00002061195,7.097583e-7,0.00006555717,0.00001712746,0.0202501,0.9625229,0.0004337216,0.01572445],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001544702,0.0000643317,0.001375398,0.00001077765,0.00002121158,0.0003072606,0.001543345,0.0001831244,0.00164703,0.9734477,0.02112692,0.0001184048],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6157386,0.0003290464,0.3652618,0.01631236,0.00100033,0.0001889293,0.000007259375,0.00005745279,0.001104178],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931342,0.00008361613,0.002968021,0.0001740812,0.001184866,0.00001932415,6.512032e-7,0.0000107847,0.002424429],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3773956,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999654,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06101406752877933,"score_gpt":0.3994599326839456,"score_spread":0.3384458651551663,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}