{"id":"W1588999869","doi":"10.60082/2563-8505.1274","title":"The Arbitrariness in “Arbitrariness” (And Overbreadth and Gross Disproportionality): Principle and Democracy in Section 7 of the Charter","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Supreme Court law review","topic":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Arbitrariness; Proportionality (law); Charter; Law; Democracy; Supreme court; Normative; Political science; Politics; Government (linguistics); Law and economics; Sociology; Epistemology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006861035,0.0000806403,0.0001933813,0.00001090793,0.0004713188,0.00003969701,0.00009292059,0.00003402062,0.00001980624],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001290033,0.00004594428,0.00002868158,0.0001951221,0.0009168676,0.000209576,0.0001032012,0.0001137453,0.000001335673],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002387529,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006364132,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0226389,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04145097,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990956,0.0001292696,0.0002661344,0.00014735,0.0002085228,0.0001531263],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996095,0.0001033097,0.00008574237,0.00008869677,0.0000789663,0.00003381083],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003609081,0.00002552878,0.2240883,0.0002245614,0.00001012171,5.171895e-7,0.0002607364,1.491354e-7,0.00001543313,0.7721812,0.00005878499,0.003131071],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001407669,0.000006187403,0.8559436,0.0007180736,0.00001856149,0.000003402849,0.0001123508,0.000005976305,0.00000476672,0.07179758,0.07116668,0.00008201947],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9080638,0.05165371,0.000003999229,0.02336289,0.0002211412,0.001217581,0.000005568832,0.00001160379,0.01545975],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9611278,0.03818247,0.000006342073,0.0004832467,0.00006217614,0.00006258721,7.630244e-7,0.000002503451,0.00007208378],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7003836,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9838694,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01966685127228478,"score_gpt":0.2924388884956059,"score_spread":0.2727720372233211,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}