{"id":"W1589913572","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.393120","title":"Gains to Valuation Accuracy of Direct Valuation Over Industry Multiplier Approaches","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Financial Reporting and Valuation Research","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Valuation (finance); Econometrics; Economics; Multiplier (economics); Actuarial science; Accounting; Macroeconomics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009413873,0.0001460219,0.0001961922,0.0004024638,0.0002606803,0.0001451677,0.0001809521,0.0001494739,0.0001084709],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007238,0.0001321577,0.0001071801,0.0007581463,0.00002494248,0.0006374056,0.00004213178,0.001193001,0.00006834541],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003633838,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001443976,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001693707,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001899719,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971945,0.00009177777,0.0005234478,0.0002348315,0.0008603733,0.001095042],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986376,0.00010074,0.0005726275,0.0001907996,0.0004723998,0.00002583088],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001685411,0.0005007434,0.1966957,0.00008868898,0.0002274189,0.00000318561,0.0003799809,0.01234497,0.004205722,0.5821309,0.001238612,0.2020155],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004123131,0.0003222861,0.268533,0.0002303411,0.0003413735,0.00006287263,0.004546094,0.03485626,0.003130606,0.6531923,0.02953763,0.001124163],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9739648,0.0001917945,0.01067711,0.0005021796,0.0002355387,0.000380988,5.091946e-7,0.00003204704,0.01401501],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997721,0.00003962317,0.0001577843,0.0001609243,0.0005153331,0.00002216249,0.000007713787,0.00002471594,0.001350765],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2008914,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8665085,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1247392923369811,"score_gpt":0.3404379109198237,"score_spread":0.2156986185828426,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}