{"id":"W1591193057","doi":"10.1002/3527600434.eap617.pub2","title":"Design and Application of Cyclotrons","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"digital Encyclopedia of Applied Physics","topic":"Polymer Nanocomposite Synthesis and Irradiation","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"TRIUMF","funders":"","keywords":"Cyclotron; Limit (mathematics); Beam (structure); Physics; Nuclear physics; Nuclear engineering; Engineering; Mathematics; Optics; Plasma","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005432016,0.0002121012,0.0004061296,0.00006750043,0.00001710633,0.0000233202,0.0001864109,0.000131472,0.00003121134],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003475716,0.0002046975,0.00004811475,0.0001101105,0.0001229813,0.00008552615,0.00003840781,0.00005078608,0.00003962614],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001088376,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004201328,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002235485,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.589483e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990572,0.000009998918,0.0002825526,0.0002834137,0.0002138576,0.0001529314],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990811,0.00006266756,0.0004940568,0.0002929973,0.00001799378,0.0000511475],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009828271,0.0005191261,0.00002588304,0.0003258139,0.00005911228,4.44652e-7,0.0003614654,0.0004532438,0.3423657,0.02310341,0.0212536,0.6114339],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001381705,0.0003511036,0.0005742355,0.0003313954,0.0003358081,0.00000240758,0.00006225013,0.001194299,0.5842678,0.0269411,0.382765,0.001792938],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0009857303,0.0003171874,0.03655134,0.000004424001,0.00005498929,0.0005957279,0.0001827279,0.00008103092,0.9612268],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9044539,0.002593538,0.03456941,0.0001092863,0.001689267,0.0003233315,0.0007661612,0.001232733,0.05426232],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9069645,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8347324,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005292846332366342,"score_gpt":0.2028926093876611,"score_spread":0.1975997630552948,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}