{"id":"W1592455482","doi":"10.1002/9780471462422.eoct050","title":"Ethical Challenges Posed by Cluster Randomization","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Wiley Encyclopedia of Clinical Trials","topic":"Ethics in Clinical Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University; Cancer Care Ontario","funders":"","keywords":"Informed consent; Randomized controlled trial; Randomization; Context (archaeology); Institutional review board; Cluster (spacecraft); Clinical trial; Psychology; Medicine; Alternative medicine; Computer science; Psychiatry; Surgery; Pathology; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.1032155,0.0006054664,0.007029995,0.0003598655,0.00003863534,0.00002353617,0.0006572799,0.01188893,0.003595901],"category_scores_gemma":[0.5058713,0.0004525694,0.002035372,0.0002575629,0.001174634,0.00003230068,0.0002681011,0.008867241,0.000322758],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003973531,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001393177,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002017866,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003512195,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9745345,0.0109619,0.00910058,0.001514432,0.0032116,0.0006770513],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.6253963,0.3625703,0.006558853,0.003011545,0.001220729,0.001242274],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00469966,0.0009252653,0.0003635568,0.001298222,0.000598626,0.0000210935,0.0000223971,6.407172e-7,0.000008551347,0.001519343,0.9607174,0.02982527],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.03074943,0.0008430221,0.0001719319,0.00358013,0.0008173681,0.000002705048,0.00001051728,0.00002062221,0.00001680565,0.007498085,0.9558872,0.0004021562],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00003908332,0.01498045,0.0006305479,0.01916971,0.002893623,0.003458371,0.0003242277,0.0002371897,0.9582668],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0001657622,0.3611435,0.002924857,0.001953131,0.009107419,0.0001067717,0.0004247609,0.0006247835,0.623549],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4026558,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997926,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.4920165043375049,"score_gpt":0.604898158970393,"score_spread":0.1128816546328881,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}