{"id":"W1592457271","doi":"10.1002/0470018860.s00686","title":"Second Language Learning and Instruction","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Dialectic; Linguistics; Language acquisition; Computer science; Second language; Comprehension approach; Psychology; Language education; Mathematics education; Cognitive science; Epistemology; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003466411,0.0001584035,0.0001972971,0.0003801898,0.0002721481,0.000085363,0.0001256987,0.00005827654,0.02022238],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003578273,0.0001440411,0.00003186283,0.00007162621,0.00130343,0.0001797207,0.00006410838,0.000413621,0.00008099727],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000122916,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007524843,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001640082,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006700138,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990121,0.00005773322,0.0001439976,0.0003107288,0.0002687599,0.0002067194],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994733,0.0001008201,0.0002274911,0.00006827078,0.00006780057,0.00006234666],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001583206,0.00006380238,0.001314176,0.0002382236,0.00005305797,0.00001121359,0.1834762,8.904485e-7,0.0001131493,0.01622765,0.01566991,0.7828159],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002106898,0.00006296226,0.0003172539,0.0003774655,0.00001958358,0.000003928566,0.01400348,0.000009647119,0.00002734487,0.00003120368,0.9847405,0.0001959346],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.01997763,0.001245438,0.0000122795,0.0000115219,0.0004162513,0.000101851,0.00002428969,0.0001112075,0.9780995],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1906085,0.000283523,0.00009518117,0.00002439938,0.0009810396,0.000003994864,0.000009505322,0.00006922852,0.8079246],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9690706,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9806733,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008338380629617025,"score_gpt":0.2556674522824403,"score_spread":0.2473290716528233,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}