{"id":"W1592457271","doi":"10.1002/0470018860.s00686","title":"Second Language Learning and Instruction","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Dialectic; Linguistics; Language acquisition; Computer science; Second language; Comprehension approach; Psychology; Language education; Mathematics education; Cognitive science; Epistemology; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000934556,0.0003950361,0.0003382987,0.0009781711,0.001048999,0.005644579,0.0005196604,0.001198575,0.05107851],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002911081,0.00007334913,0.0001325765,0.00123056,0.003453876,0.002182361,0.002295437,0.001629976,0.004371666],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002810287,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003183927,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005106112,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005630047,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994209,0.0001885059,0.00001846399,0.00008201199,0.0002130132,0.00007715791],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986112,0.0006630791,0.00008604674,0.0001324826,0.0002290131,0.0002781066],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003678014,0.0001406977,0.001403828,0.0002872365,0.000007935956,0.0002126106,0.003770038,0.0004059562,0.0005001586,0.5816104,0.09279799,0.3188264],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001447221,0.0000468317,0.003388541,0.000505717,0.000005834525,0.0003506443,0.002080329,0.0005627219,0.0009310856,0.2566439,0.7354577,0.00001217126],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.01178498,0.02044347,0.003001145,0.01486197,0.0006491169,0.00001812519,0.0001517528,0.0001512505,0.9489382],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4528534,0.02318812,0.002592153,0.002293482,0.0007713301,0.000121059,0.0003546111,0.0001281863,0.5176978],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05107851,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1708747,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008338380629617025,"score_gpt":0.2556674522824403,"score_spread":0.2473290716528233,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}