{"id":"W1593670580","doi":"10.1002/9780470050118.ecse450","title":"Visual Programming Languages","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Wiley Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Engineering","topic":"Teaching and Learning Programming","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Programming language; Debugging; Visual programming language; Graphics; Software; Visual language; Software engineering; Computer graphics (images)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003006585,0.001774381,0.0008836809,0.002434875,0.0009705034,0.007106323,0.003524812,0.001645753,0.04287084],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009289834,0.001152136,0.001144078,0.002531646,0.002639268,0.007057447,0.003522552,0.003462112,0.01410449],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001300215,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001648334,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001102263,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008509633,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974447,0.0008845035,0.0004003179,0.0004216005,0.000675915,0.0001728273],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9947014,0.002973326,0.0003590873,0.0007298108,0.0008959062,0.0003406187],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007035674,0.00004871573,0.0001901492,0.0008319327,0.00002845979,0.0002190562,0.001433273,0.002405387,0.00225858,0.769698,0.06380201,0.1590142],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005379757,0.00002468582,0.00008754437,0.0004402302,0.00001523914,0.0005446212,0.000213252,0.006211927,0.00161813,0.3683836,0.6223708,0.00003634101],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00190086,0.002284709,0.8944092,0.001966401,0.0003743292,0.0003085021,0.001499414,0.01749556,0.07976109],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.05601527,0.00569668,0.8430317,0.001936454,0.0005397607,0.001277702,0.004684614,0.006764395,0.08005348],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04287084,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1434173,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004986192544010051,"score_gpt":0.22651955919583,"score_spread":0.22153336665182,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}