{"id":"W1597447093","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2478752","title":"Roads and Innovation","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Economic Growth and Productivity","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Business","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006322709,0.0001891656,0.0002978877,0.001624996,0.001348371,0.005741524,0.0004652727,0.001863868,0.08522591],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003663969,0.0001223021,0.0003573087,0.002286171,0.002705391,0.004594666,0.002113363,0.001065852,0.009540974],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001768223,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001399622,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006283712,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007539658,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994726,0.0001629584,0.00002150867,0.0001137135,0.0001329321,0.00009631358],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977579,0.0009350126,0.0003659272,0.0003063042,0.0003788157,0.0002559998],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001827629,0.0000207799,0.001875624,0.00008421487,0.00001489336,0.00007931743,0.0007105892,0.0006085752,0.00006636776,0.9425381,0.02391336,0.03006982],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001205929,0.00001893152,0.003306004,0.0001424558,0.00002284362,0.0001792001,0.00172383,0.0004902786,0.0001398068,0.6170201,0.3769305,0.00001401533],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.03665984,0.009821654,0.0035413,0.03207247,0.0006444255,0.00002113473,0.0009505671,0.0001424157,0.9161463],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7059346,0.01405179,0.001709522,0.002181886,0.001018626,0.0000419553,0.0005416313,0.00009412679,0.2744259],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08522591,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.285109,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01440823769617513,"score_gpt":0.1988899428471083,"score_spread":0.1844817051509332,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}