{"id":"W1597447093","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2478752","title":"Roads and Innovation","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Economic Growth and Productivity","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Business","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002930947,0.000077783,0.0001649193,0.0002637171,0.0001197291,0.00005417444,0.00009461306,0.00004912242,0.00003815677],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001650849,0.00008767677,0.00002881134,0.0002039423,0.00002670508,0.0002504039,0.0000187138,0.0005987898,0.0001245477],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001846931,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009098753,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002736939,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004901439,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986719,0.00001483104,0.0003213972,0.0001881673,0.00001348645,0.0007901845],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995806,0.0000177777,0.0002302275,0.0001159658,0.00002156163,0.00003390861],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005735966,0.000009564395,0.04707941,0.000002153225,0.00002086831,5.109802e-8,0.00003223237,0.000003019565,0.00001856028,0.9351865,0.00005992334,0.01758197],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003217703,0.0001021151,0.01110622,0.000001569881,0.000001855042,0.00007163417,0.00003325783,0.0003089967,0.0000252476,0.9570267,0.03089081,0.0001098582],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9372794,0.00259022,0.0310881,0.001933641,0.0003152037,0.00005033041,0.000002493615,0.00001651704,0.0267241],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967793,0.0008716043,0.0001090274,0.0001901323,0.0003758318,0.000001763807,0.000002032057,0.00001095606,0.001659411],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05949985,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3575355,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01440823769617513,"score_gpt":0.1988899428471083,"score_spread":0.1844817051509332,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}