{"id":"W1598409319","doi":"10.1002/9781118032480.ch4","title":"Validation: accept, Improve, or Reject","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Flexibility (engineering); Rotation (mathematics); Predator; Predation; Stability (learning theory); Population growth; Population; Computer science; Operations research; Ecology; Geography; Environmental science; Simulation; Engineering; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Statistics; Biology; Sociology; Machine learning; Demography","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001581928,0.0001697429,0.0001627897,0.00007241474,0.00004010423,0.0000306591,0.0003290981,0.0002146425,0.231852],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001106551,0.0001081542,0.00004867106,0.0002129728,0.000068499,0.00003951795,0.0001580959,0.00009846724,0.006713711],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008737788,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001173267,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001079594,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002431965,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989622,0.00001454627,0.0001609731,0.0003638135,0.0002678534,0.0002306176],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994161,0.00001888796,0.0001165814,0.0003670145,0.000001859693,0.00007963114],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005856456,0.00003412037,0.001370985,0.00003699301,0.00001242483,0.00002513506,0.00001373294,0.00001913739,0.0003812312,0.0002494463,0.9875644,0.01028652],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001055944,0.00003767211,0.000195526,0.00003440876,0.000008041299,0.00000895229,0.00001710957,0.0003464181,0.0002640222,0.00002230079,0.9987041,0.0002558357],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001141698,0.00003062249,0.001324601,0.00002689428,0.0004560151,0.0002783033,0.00001216695,0.0001356483,0.9976216],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00174233,0.00007476496,0.00236515,0.0001332947,0.0001490952,0.000008691995,0.0000106641,0.0001458617,0.9953701],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2251382,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9940597,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007809043687589771,"score_gpt":0.24581638917187,"score_spread":0.2380073454842803,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}