{"id":"W1599004321","doi":"10.1007/11428817_45","title":"Automatic Transition of Natural Language Software Requirements Specification into Formal Presentation","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Lecture notes in computer science","topic":"Software Engineering Research","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":91,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Software requirements specification; Natural language; Specification language; Formal specification; Software engineering; Programming language; Ambiguity; Software requirements; Object language; Contradiction; Requirements analysis; Formal methods; Programming language specification; Software; Software development; Natural language processing; Software design; Linguistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000719658,0.0003086055,0.0003196434,0.0009085948,0.0001196075,0.0001997931,0.001919892,0.0001788017,0.00002812155],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002580163,0.0003033809,0.00009467672,0.0005935275,0.0002760074,0.001413131,0.000425265,0.000513439,0.00002310617],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004350586,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002567895,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002574197,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002864519,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968327,0.00002942119,0.0005233982,0.000786109,0.00136281,0.0004655251],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979279,0.000546985,0.0002275869,0.0009524147,0.0002517846,0.00009329811],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004247323,0.00002341938,0.00005082402,0.0001461211,0.000009747024,0.0000153388,0.004072755,0.01807938,0.0009098575,0.0007925988,0.000008885381,0.9758868],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003792278,0.0001417424,0.002565339,0.000530379,0.000008113929,0.00003125122,0.000001008439,0.9786173,0.009199016,0.00799389,0.00006508923,0.0004676187],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.003992407,0.0005358201,0.9936656,0.0002473913,0.0007758916,0.0004475182,0.00000318373,0.0002538918,0.00007827521],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5481333,0.00001326477,0.4514344,0.00008162143,0.000223863,0.000009583159,0.00001872596,0.00002057192,0.00006470591],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9754192,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999418,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01644087838486525,"score_gpt":0.2811881087732174,"score_spread":0.2647472303883521,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}