{"id":"W1601581435","doi":"10.21810/sfuer.v5i.360","title":"Unknown Unknowns: Is Virtue Something We Can Empirically Observe?","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SFU Educational Review","topic":"Political Philosophy and Ethics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Virtue; Character (mathematics); Set (abstract data type); Epistemology; Contrast (vision); Sociology; Citizenship; Civic virtue; Psychology; Philosophy; Political science; Law; Computer science; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0023123,0.0001441148,0.000287279,0.00004515221,0.0005793257,0.00006395992,0.0004643692,0.000135337,0.001458456],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00699403,0.000130005,0.0001676358,0.0004733921,0.0003617056,0.0001811791,0.00004841465,0.0003764573,0.0007782872],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001868655,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001619339,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006980695,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003153103,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976724,0.0006129308,0.0003784447,0.000300102,0.0006450115,0.0003910607],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997411,0.001475389,0.0001142263,0.0002944209,0.0003074449,0.0003975626],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[5.377984e-7,0.00006358544,0.0001083758,0.0004447869,0.00001001975,1.248582e-7,0.00114425,2.04072e-7,0.000002216529,0.9663433,0.02510866,0.006773949],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002534687,0.000009354774,0.000434341,0.0008326598,0.00002374493,4.86071e-7,0.00003634879,0.000001980418,0.000002126499,0.4157607,0.5827668,0.0001060417],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.000309353,0.03350811,0.00006073559,0.7877563,0.0007191169,0.0002655541,0.0000164125,0.00004246092,0.1773219],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5016914,0.1552429,0.003898617,0.3074974,0.007695575,0.000234114,0.00009779892,0.00006165906,0.02358047],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5576582,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999997,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1136489998840637,"score_gpt":0.425957640200118,"score_spread":0.3123086403160543,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}