{"id":"W1605166609","doi":"10.5751/es-01811-110150","title":"Generating and Fostering Novelty","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecology and Society","topic":"Innovation, Sustainability, Human-Machine Systems","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Surprise; Computer science; Novelty; Simple (philosophy); Class (philosophy); Redundancy (engineering); Risk analysis (engineering); Simplicity; Management science; Operations research; Artificial intelligence; Engineering; Business; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01424591,0.0008247069,0.0008098774,0.002695634,0.003548474,0.006912871,0.003602947,0.003076199,0.01586322],"category_scores_gemma":[0.05863542,0.0005695348,0.001336698,0.001453441,0.008730611,0.009723819,0.0150122,0.003467397,0.002964961],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001971825,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002660343,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003737181,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005018314,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9893829,0.004681456,0.00037285,0.001990413,0.002761755,0.000810551],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9422563,0.03222146,0.003710458,0.01348839,0.005052693,0.003270629],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001122273,0.0002389718,0.008701474,0.0005246739,0.0001082831,0.0009432088,0.01209503,0.004648795,0.005404481,0.8296508,0.007955692,0.1296164],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001102384,0.0002789303,0.002752515,0.0002018778,0.00009348073,0.0009682461,0.003039162,0.01877072,0.00379902,0.8710706,0.0988467,0.00006854979],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1623839,0.001740732,0.5336304,0.02271866,0.001185674,0.0009185611,0.0003095405,0.001664622,0.275448],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8191235,0.000917079,0.1502118,0.002075315,0.0006016178,0.001022577,0.0003144606,0.000402342,0.02533122],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01586322,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07534051,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01762514271154663,"score_gpt":0.3003653302923902,"score_spread":0.2827401875808435,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}