{"id":"W1605294307","doi":"","title":"Socially-Efficient Tax Reforms","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke; Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Poverty; Estimator; Commodity; Public economics; Welfare; Order (exchange); Tax reform; Social Welfare; Econometrics; Microeconomics; Mathematics; Political science; Economic growth; Statistics; Market economy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002618834,0.0003137316,0.0006943462,0.0009294456,0.0005721434,0.001941504,0.0004091107,0.0007723354,0.008359857],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01218085,0.0001713575,0.0004203491,0.001147227,0.001268976,0.001539755,0.0009391475,0.0008966124,0.0005107618],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001985469,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001770797,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002327101,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004557197,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965304,0.001692369,0.0001414288,0.0004015099,0.0006083513,0.0006259217],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959628,0.001270584,0.001488927,0.0006925658,0.0004756162,0.0001094351],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004697569,0.00007482865,0.006684451,0.00007334712,0.00007092753,0.00006039615,0.0001986006,0.02438185,0.0005976056,0.9203916,0.004243848,0.04317559],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006714731,0.00006854158,0.01745375,0.00006188136,0.00006915766,0.00009973949,0.000560478,0.04665569,0.001011517,0.912173,0.02175967,0.00001951333],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5507596,0.001076698,0.2378471,0.008633395,0.0001474334,0.0005301016,0.002211273,0.0004648598,0.1983295],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9856576,0.0002514253,0.009928307,0.0002924532,0.00004083697,0.00005983265,0.0001639395,0.00002562028,0.003579916],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008359857,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0279665,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06834366350439665,"score_gpt":0.3671589574752928,"score_spread":0.2988152939708962,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}