{"id":"W1608677780","doi":"","title":"A Positive Theory of Immutable Characteristics and Discrimination","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Names, Identity, and Discrimination Research","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Psychology; Positive economics; Econometrics; Mathematical economics; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00422533,0.0001672847,0.0004131764,0.0006761543,0.0005025326,0.0001972129,0.0005158831,0.0003521472,0.0001043962],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002607577,0.0001896406,0.0001014679,0.0001684173,0.001766876,0.0002123264,0.000818891,0.0009068728,0.000004086119],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006880896,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001229828,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001708944,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00151008,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967192,0.001093973,0.000498987,0.0005323882,0.0005723968,0.0005830711],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976881,0.001047104,0.0002210562,0.0003874018,0.0004708541,0.0001854827],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003991295,0.0008665979,0.05977632,0.001032352,0.00018502,0.00008177712,0.05244686,0.00009787483,0.0003483348,0.136504,0.0001904234,0.7480713],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001867209,0.0003371047,0.7622565,0.00123592,0.00007464264,0.00001315134,0.07038736,0.002263883,0.0006807909,0.1472182,0.01225277,0.001412438],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7155209,0.0002840572,0.00001486277,0.0005715514,0.00024986,0.0008412637,0.0001481437,0.00002017005,0.2823492],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9305003,0.0621112,0.0001333748,0.00002091303,0.0001699441,0.00008652335,0.00007957395,0.00002459225,0.006873593],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7466589,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.773332,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04551535721082938,"score_gpt":0.3600649260800035,"score_spread":0.3145495688691741,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}