{"id":"W1623083212","doi":"10.5539/elt.v8n10p76","title":"A Systematic Review of Research on Questioning as a High-level Cognitive Strategy","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"English Language Teaching","topic":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Metacognition; Cognition; Mathematics education; Reading comprehension; Reading (process); Literacy; Foreign language; Teaching method; Pedagogy; Linguistics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01627845,0.001519893,0.005659116,0.0202156,0.00104616,0.003196068,0.001830997,0.002254442,0.004138649],"category_scores_gemma":[0.07173479,0.001180852,0.004930516,0.0190234,0.001555506,0.004297353,0.002158138,0.001639083,0.0004956562],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003620347,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02366544,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007885061,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02944985,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9845029,0.005979289,0.005605869,0.001005838,0.002626331,0.0002797967],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9259923,0.05883105,0.007137908,0.001224046,0.00625012,0.0005645287],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007361447,0.00002269607,0.000516468,0.8550839,0.001716236,0.0001417044,0.0006625303,0.00011158,0.0002960556,0.0009694873,0.002666743,0.1377389],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006265164,0.0001340767,0.002755468,0.9198533,0.01149347,0.0005233736,0.0006296351,0.00006026604,0.000242886,0.000925036,0.06328061,0.00003924186],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003712363,0.9984005,0.0002714549,0.000269436,0.0001273578,0.0001543537,0.0001215201,0.000005536291,0.0002786805],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.004079589,0.9941134,0.0009657243,0.0003016921,0.00005966736,0.0002856393,0.00010787,0.000003715443,0.00008282294],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0202156,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08608967,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1755752182569768,"score_gpt":0.5207493549260996,"score_spread":0.3451741366691228,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}