{"id":"W16357409","doi":"10.2214/ajr.04.1818","title":"Impartiality and Arbitrator Bias: The View from Canada’s 14 Jurisdictions","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"TDM","topic":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Impartiality; Law; Political science; Law and economics; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008510578,0.00007693341,0.00007436124,0.00002150819,0.0003379782,0.00008446302,0.00009580823,0.0000183632,0.0005604679],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000340482,0.0000529703,0.00002385069,0.00008406804,0.00006191421,0.0003223841,0.0000352325,0.00007378284,0.0001024182],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002431684,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009799592,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.4786679,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3645541,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994377,0.000008700074,0.0001493519,0.0001166405,0.0001861027,0.0001014575],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997081,0.0000292839,0.00007042101,0.000111246,0.0000695917,0.00001141115],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002441507,0.00009688117,0.03839795,0.0000242594,0.0001005931,0.00002232674,0.0002263318,0.00001436832,0.0004391119,0.6311505,0.3291624,0.0003408332],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001799837,0.000002149465,0.1003465,0.000007924474,0.00001995026,0.000002290791,0.00003325168,0.000980042,0.0001407229,0.002599065,0.8955951,0.00009297533],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8075725,0.0001879886,0.00004557692,0.01050061,0.0005759823,0.0001498601,0.00001712463,0.00006097432,0.1808894],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9478591,0.00002245072,0.00002135466,0.05090193,0.0007544013,0.00001125806,0.00003271012,0.000006071708,0.0003907283],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6285515,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6470411,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03486451068794408,"score_gpt":0.2190516386121822,"score_spread":0.1841871279242381,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}