{"id":"W1636188228","doi":"10.1111/caje.12043","title":"Filtering and email pricing as solutions to spam","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Spam and Phishing Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Spamming; Communication source; Computer science; Filter (signal processing); Spambot; Forum spam; Computer network; Computer security; Business; World Wide Web; The Internet","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004085095,0.00016185,0.0002775404,0.0006257186,0.0002611798,0.0005002829,0.0005953746,0.00008967495,0.0001027141],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001663201,0.0001963275,0.00007936937,0.0001462508,0.00004716538,0.001094437,0.0000564045,0.0002191171,0.00007683877],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000883854,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008837108,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2753694,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8780246,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986579,0.00003155379,0.0004380917,0.0002773514,0.000002478767,0.000592641],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972674,0.00008110313,0.0002252369,0.0003259493,0.0001355182,0.001964777],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000165722,0.00001444381,0.006453979,0.00005452733,0.0001822562,0.0001906277,0.01007105,0.01690339,0.0008842509,0.8733204,0.004804164,0.08710433],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001585092,0.002028817,0.03702942,0.0005401299,0.00006813355,0.008103112,0.001457827,0.09225365,0.002173314,0.7698089,0.08272301,0.002228622],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9855759,0.0000983689,0.007069279,0.004896994,0.001364535,0.0001786611,0.000006733756,0.00001154613,0.0007979459],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927533,0.00002233909,0.005436296,0.00117574,0.0003474908,0.00001228421,6.77114e-7,0.00001832015,0.0002335231],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6026552,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8006001,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.101014290904762,"score_gpt":0.1721557662055103,"score_spread":0.07114147530074832,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}