{"id":"W1636188228","doi":"10.1111/caje.12043","title":"Filtering and email pricing as solutions to spam","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Spam and Phishing Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Spamming; Communication source; Computer science; Filter (signal processing); Spambot; Forum spam; Computer network; Computer security; Business; World Wide Web; The Internet","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01028278,0.0007369747,0.001296991,0.002989339,0.001527566,0.005059696,0.001043004,0.004961343,0.00745386],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04238213,0.0005051276,0.0009159332,0.00223393,0.003620823,0.00604737,0.001780312,0.002248481,0.000820731],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001749332,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001353981,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009974118,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005243144,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9931036,0.00409522,0.0002022404,0.0004091661,0.001302431,0.0008874856],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9641126,0.0232779,0.005978611,0.00221596,0.003132004,0.001282935],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000714835,0.001425634,0.03339584,0.0005671828,0.0002465161,0.0006117271,0.001675891,0.05457008,0.00357713,0.6132064,0.01044594,0.2795629],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002419103,0.0007662282,0.02005439,0.0002647335,0.0002738188,0.0008856867,0.001836814,0.303005,0.004728045,0.6424099,0.025369,0.0001645631],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7187555,0.005102882,0.1446173,0.01312209,0.0005473164,0.0003310862,0.0001236009,0.0008635101,0.1165367],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9851993,0.000455877,0.009512467,0.0003621068,0.0002953804,0.00004238315,0.00001556377,0.00002876007,0.004088033],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01028278,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05438119,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.101014290904762,"score_gpt":0.1721557662055103,"score_spread":0.07114147530074832,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}