{"id":"W1636613648","doi":"10.1007/978-0-387-98197-0_12","title":"Proof Burdens and Standards","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":125,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Argumentation theory; Management science; Computer science; Burden of proof; Engineering ethics; Epistemology; Political science; Engineering; Law; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000279441,0.0001704349,0.0002038481,0.0000826176,0.00005728458,0.0001266811,0.000226208,0.000154581,0.0001486398],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008668495,0.0001381114,0.00004815618,0.00001280998,0.00001544351,0.0001332326,0.00008551886,0.000105035,0.00003263008],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007608,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000899525,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001264483,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003052698,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987553,0.000007576712,0.0002015244,0.0003502669,0.000565796,0.0001195611],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999261,0.00001496378,0.000112012,0.0003633892,0.000177969,0.00007072686],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001543468,0.000005143902,0.000002730921,0.00003592441,0.0000202954,0.00001440968,0.0001696974,0.000001970764,0.00002078469,0.81926,0.02179601,0.1586715],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001794069,0.00008329666,0.00006420425,0.0001093544,0.000008517989,0.00001847313,0.000001123824,0.002139262,0.00007905815,0.0143172,0.9827433,0.0002567921],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000004000077,0.0005483544,0.1390027,0.0003804781,0.0002094465,0.000258963,0.0000099588,0.0001029051,0.8594832],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.003255194,0.0001023299,0.004491292,0.0002059094,0.0001826039,0.000002403354,0.000003738458,0.00001274743,0.9917438],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9609473,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5632021,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01744225147123427,"score_gpt":0.2431761791707112,"score_spread":0.2257339276994769,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}