{"id":"W1638787498","doi":"10.1108/jes-12-2015-0226","title":"Competition and innovation with horizontal R&amp;D spillovers","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Economic Studies","topic":"Innovation Policy and R&D","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Spillover effect; Competition (biology); Economics; Originality; Welfare; Microeconomics; Social Welfare; Production (economics); Value (mathematics); Mathematics; Market economy; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002793809,0.0003287983,0.0007099839,0.001645307,0.0009638012,0.002647822,0.0005352387,0.0009924647,0.01195002],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006093801,0.0002614656,0.00102622,0.00154495,0.003243124,0.002243488,0.003028474,0.0008743178,0.0005983051],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002395148,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002288513,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003226681,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002678771,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975522,0.0008754393,0.0001053671,0.0003311679,0.0005728591,0.0005630424],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.986082,0.007940353,0.004048813,0.0006861967,0.0006593352,0.0005834212],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003080999,0.0005543873,0.11234,0.0007354087,0.0002856308,0.002015538,0.001267639,0.05933197,0.004673283,0.7532044,0.001247448,0.06403616],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001577203,0.001123274,0.1632806,0.000590321,0.0004844846,0.001891044,0.005743721,0.1196593,0.005144066,0.6858102,0.01599121,0.000124079],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7685075,0.001855444,0.08075442,0.002858145,0.0000409088,0.0002362992,0.0002432562,0.00006946739,0.1454345],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965045,0.0002550654,0.001707398,0.00006303603,0.00002152598,0.00003027687,0.0000177089,0.000001637989,0.001398857],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01195002,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03997678,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.121879005666662,"score_gpt":0.3183969480789031,"score_spread":0.1965179424122411,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}