{"id":"W1644355636","doi":"10.1111/j.1747-9991.2012.00504.x","title":"The Bootstrapping Problem","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy Compass","topic":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":87,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Bootstrapping (finance); Allowance (engineering); Computer science; Face (sociological concept); Focus (optics); Reliability (semiconductor); Psychology; Econometrics; Mathematics; Sociology; Economics; Operations management","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.04757181,0.0008979898,0.002157393,0.003887271,0.007022803,0.006686033,0.004545119,0.008950389,0.01550689],"category_scores_gemma":[0.2879495,0.001211701,0.001811861,0.004542063,0.02312309,0.02349311,0.01044668,0.01077792,0.00277408],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003155978,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002785317,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002511871,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001044731,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9352489,0.03784542,0.003237961,0.009697343,0.01199519,0.001975236],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.6678974,0.2540456,0.008399429,0.05027097,0.0171659,0.00222061],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007130099,0.00003344849,0.001387633,0.0001475193,0.00006656754,0.000448833,0.001953745,0.0019374,0.0001876423,0.9473978,0.01081082,0.03555731],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002030273,0.000007618651,0.0001388969,0.00007911306,0.00001294149,0.0002159375,0.0002956748,0.004390867,0.0002354256,0.9850552,0.009531168,0.00001680921],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04363178,0.002356918,0.7570152,0.06982518,0.001403413,0.0003941306,0.0006384851,0.001033918,0.123701],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8398536,0.001271267,0.1360535,0.008067177,0.001892286,0.0005985867,0.0007671177,0.0005740029,0.01092261],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.04757181,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2515868,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1246645098994263,"score_gpt":0.2795172779617175,"score_spread":0.1548527680622913,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}