{"id":"W1644355636","doi":"10.1111/j.1747-9991.2012.00504.x","title":"The Bootstrapping Problem","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy Compass","topic":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":87,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Bootstrapping (finance); Allowance (engineering); Computer science; Face (sociological concept); Focus (optics); Reliability (semiconductor); Psychology; Econometrics; Mathematics; Sociology; Economics; Operations management","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004211261,0.0001347624,0.0001585976,0.00002800982,0.0008955516,0.0001229495,0.0002372192,0.0000375869,0.00007947174],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001511058,0.00009019161,0.0001103522,0.00002342407,0.0005350646,0.0002189068,0.00004789502,0.0002754717,0.0003078619],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001747796,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001733825,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004014132,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005057445,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990255,0.00009345976,0.0002119984,0.000119547,0.0001665404,0.0003829983],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992386,0.0002262015,0.00009867172,0.0002637731,0.00008642381,0.00008634413],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005785366,0.00005517872,0.0001262108,0.00002685572,0.00004450014,3.792082e-7,0.008135093,0.000001043137,0.00002673573,0.9865751,0.004530417,0.000472692],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001031764,0.00002009866,0.0001365281,0.00001507405,0.00001925888,0.000001686722,0.0005063713,0.00001005994,0.00004609818,0.3043923,0.6946315,0.0001177661],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.008301607,0.001623038,0.00009374219,0.01393885,0.002440048,0.0002393488,0.00001368035,0.0001530621,0.9731966],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9920552,0.00003336771,0.00004833604,0.0008413753,0.004938574,0.00003073949,0.000006148998,0.00001816965,0.002028113],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9837536,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.688795,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1246645098994263,"score_gpt":0.2795172779617175,"score_spread":0.1548527680622913,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}