{"id":"W1655306493","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0127502","title":"The Oligopoly of Academic Publishers in the Digital Era","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS ONE","topic":"Digital Platforms and Economics","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1225,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Oligopoly; Computer science; Library science; Economics; Mathematical economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003190226,0.0001411251,0.0005046733,0.002221846,0.002243296,0.01262385,0.000632161,0.001193202,0.01207311],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02050366,0.0003499647,0.0003043599,0.005945168,0.004949097,0.00822397,0.002914117,0.001159069,0.001381223],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005358933,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003065965,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006992755,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008290724,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997476,0.0009030736,0.0001361478,0.0004003327,0.0006596098,0.000424789],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9737603,0.01613604,0.004623788,0.001139397,0.001492875,0.002847642],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005328134,0.0001693164,0.07749458,0.0002572496,0.00008361799,0.001157704,0.003741333,0.01175993,0.001224343,0.8334438,0.007944497,0.06219085],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003935359,0.0002472038,0.1728286,0.0002890525,0.0001795225,0.001229116,0.01264931,0.03326822,0.001930562,0.6379426,0.1388722,0.0001701011],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7327994,0.005403719,0.01085453,0.01307468,0.0001527942,0.00007540942,0.0005174489,0.0001338476,0.2369882],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9896197,0.001051742,0.0005487391,0.0003343822,0.0001135566,0.00001536824,0.00004519217,0.00001175591,0.008259498],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9873762,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04038852,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06908211538974236,"score_gpt":0.2048864207547541,"score_spread":0.1358043053650118,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}