{"id":"W1657365528","doi":"10.1029/2002jd003220","title":"A parameterization of cirrus cloud formation: Heterogeneous freezing","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","topic":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":349,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Cirrus; Ice crystals; Ice nucleus; Clear ice; Atmospheric sciences; Saturation (graph theory); Aerosol; Nucleation; Supercooling; Ice formation; Cloud physics; Ice cloud; Particle (ecology); Homogeneous; Chemical physics; Liquid water content; Environmental science; Materials science; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Meteorology; Physics; Geology; Cloud computing; Optics; Arctic ice pack; Sea ice; Radiative transfer","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003789517,0.0009558253,0.0005609681,0.0003985343,0.0003341683,0.0007541699,0.001179184,0.0006768039,0.0008712192],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009311532,0.000365445,0.0009100305,0.0003378585,0.0004009112,0.000851265,0.0007195334,0.0008842533,0.000131755],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007024354,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005751048,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005900482,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002732091,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998654,0.00003054493,0.000008322716,0.00003150256,0.00003858873,0.00002552645],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996834,0.0001226364,0.00006329376,0.00005765585,0.00004330897,0.00002980945],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009338683,0.00002775915,0.001652305,0.00001615514,0.00002427534,0.00003369294,0.00001089496,0.9834561,0.007127111,0.003215917,0.0001163185,0.004310145],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003221219,0.000005042707,0.0004836472,0.000001010122,0.000003097958,0.000008873822,0.000001597706,0.997778,0.000845891,0.0007090073,0.0001557418,0.000004775022],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.212477,0.0002202416,0.7821491,0.0001066958,0.00004703174,0.0001373251,0.0004864219,0.0005244306,0.00385173],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9614189,0.0001135989,0.03731791,0.00001883001,0.00003938136,0.0001137087,0.0002815722,0.0001051667,0.0005908728],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005900482,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01173228,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03125158995083372,"score_gpt":0.2986046187692602,"score_spread":0.2673530288184265,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}