{"id":"W1690251713","doi":"10.3386/w18129","title":"Suffrage, Schooling, and Sorting in the Post-Bellum U.S. South","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Culture, Economy, and Development Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, Harvard University; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","keywords":"Voting; Economics; Turnout; Population; Demographic economics; Suffrage; Redistribution (election); Democracy; Public good; Labour economics; Poverty; Welfare; Politics; Political science; Sociology; Economic growth; Demography; Law; Market economy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006620087,0.00005321795,0.0001065743,0.0001626843,0.0004842362,0.00006316262,0.0001982722,0.00005764948,0.000140988],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001036897,0.00004275116,0.00002730761,0.0001213579,0.0002946887,0.0002776516,0.00007121266,0.0001927105,0.00006884003],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001697921,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002756397,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002437594,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002302438,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988133,0.0001745076,0.0002276304,0.0001292833,0.0003169304,0.0003383869],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990513,0.0005830018,0.00006834119,0.00005774683,0.0001817694,0.00005778665],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008538706,0.00002980852,0.3013029,0.000006544882,0.00001593072,1.96267e-7,0.03440952,0.000006271011,0.000008002406,0.6601837,0.003484935,0.0005436931],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006438181,0.00003780061,0.5707586,0.00002898571,0.000004661017,0.000002099166,0.1308875,0.0000428354,0.00005160881,0.244534,0.05276743,0.0002406782],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4911388,0.0009280301,7.07527e-7,0.003521053,0.00008590962,0.0002195399,0.000003610224,0.000005789104,0.5040966],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984401,0.0002328577,0.00008445354,0.0001210496,0.0003894872,0.00002388996,0.000005299508,0.000003386887,0.0006994246],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5073013,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3724402,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3005421569753964,"score_gpt":0.5059878569083648,"score_spread":0.2054456999329684,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}