{"id":"W1694049600","doi":"10.1088/0004-637x/811/1/20","title":"THE POPULATION OF GALAXY–GALAXY STRONG LENSES IN FORTHCOMING OPTICAL IMAGING SURVEYS","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":332,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Lens (geology); Einstein radius; Population; Redshift; RADIUS; Galaxy; Poisson distribution; Function (biology)","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001814653,0.0004221679,0.000359339,0.0008297813,0.0004213134,0.001457062,0.0008986977,0.000877845,0.002568082],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009752762,0.0003990306,0.0009311892,0.0009997102,0.0007422589,0.002533167,0.0009031778,0.0005330747,0.0006399131],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001896944,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006884496,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02188869,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0224464,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992749,0.0001493204,0.00003534295,0.0002602733,0.0001456862,0.0001344325],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9963061,0.001369092,0.001012468,0.0004992916,0.0004782927,0.0003348056],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002543984,0.00007337557,0.733858,0.00008927792,0.0001539219,0.0003064564,0.0002210687,0.2347789,0.001799206,0.008965834,0.003271911,0.01622754],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001156906,0.0002608885,0.4676349,0.000113036,0.0001643959,0.0008583208,0.0008015662,0.4991436,0.003428753,0.01584602,0.01150839,0.0001243605],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9750035,0.0004895399,0.01705768,0.0005605542,0.00001719179,0.00005085996,0.003797628,0.0002441637,0.002778898],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9884952,0.0003906087,0.005466219,0.0001330583,0.00001487824,0.00003982918,0.004494245,0.00003371174,0.0009322977],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02188869,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0435226,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01580627928713193,"score_gpt":0.2435381566783158,"score_spread":0.2277318773911839,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}