{"id":"W1722913305","doi":"10.29173/alr281","title":"The Difficulty of Constitutional Amendment in Canada","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Alberta Law Review","topic":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Constitution; Constitutionalism; Constitutional amendment; Statute; Law; Political science; Politics; Constitutional law; Limited government; Amendment; Originalism; Supreme court; Democracy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007811457,0.0002141087,0.0006679256,0.003449761,0.02203082,0.01263575,0.00195881,0.002563014,0.006999707],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03532635,0.0004551,0.0004202262,0.005836352,0.01678673,0.00288828,0.003786551,0.004495289,0.0003495859],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.143172,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.1724951,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.983011,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9903461,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9856376,0.002609635,0.0004981112,0.001528846,0.005195733,0.004530146],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9848032,0.006391253,0.0008673671,0.001017007,0.005568445,0.001352788],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002933494,0.000008970435,0.002508199,0.00007383754,0.00002268985,0.0002229018,0.005308704,0.0008251368,0.0001790001,0.9569516,0.01325016,0.02061951],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007904227,0.00004008564,0.03405596,0.0007880917,0.0001800577,0.0002800112,0.01475209,0.003730518,0.001001878,0.2911415,0.6537294,0.0002213591],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1145878,0.01316476,0.00338684,0.06322339,0.0003802496,0.0001046566,0.0005701159,0.00009965534,0.8044825],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.958575,0.004611802,0.001727068,0.004744647,0.00009420598,0.00003860034,0.0001732196,0.00004386064,0.02999155],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.856828,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.993799,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04481480875661499,"score_gpt":0.2995680555363092,"score_spread":0.2547532467796942,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}