{"id":"W1722913305","doi":"10.29173/alr281","title":"The Difficulty of Constitutional Amendment in Canada","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Alberta Law Review","topic":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Constitution; Constitutionalism; Constitutional amendment; Statute; Law; Political science; Politics; Constitutional law; Limited government; Amendment; Originalism; Supreme court; Democracy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003330712,0.00004578616,0.0001422048,0.000002853368,0.0002430728,0.0000054487,0.0001308825,0.000009909097,0.00003013606],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003438644,0.00002839518,0.00002766121,0.0001305527,0.000953095,0.0000347164,0.00002844639,0.00003880964,0.00001317104],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002973503,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00235556,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9964718,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9994998,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992054,0.000086947,0.0001917309,0.00006885907,0.0003135761,0.0001334912],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994763,0.0002590603,0.0000567882,0.00006093784,0.00008747194,0.00005947721],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001281975,0.000008050487,0.001999462,0.00001207139,0.000007634866,8.93626e-7,0.00007631946,0.0000017131,2.071227e-7,0.9911989,0.005949458,0.0007440298],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000634323,0.000003306335,0.0004440504,0.0003128841,0.0000097567,5.077789e-7,0.0002735625,2.866898e-7,0.000001580923,0.003515324,0.9953327,0.00004257004],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.004798463,0.1348525,0.000003356939,0.03060043,0.000510055,0.0004413753,0.000009073329,0.000003907537,0.8287809],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9778033,0.02060552,0.00000428916,0.001364735,0.00003729887,0.00002282985,0.000002016472,6.990368e-7,0.0001592682],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9893833,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4178662,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04481480875661499,"score_gpt":0.2995680555363092,"score_spread":0.2547532467796942,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}