{"id":"W1732190282","doi":"10.47678/cjhe.v27i2/3.183303","title":"Three Approaches to Cooperative Learning in Higher Education","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Higher Education","topic":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","field":"Psychology","cited_by":56,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Cooperative learning; Accountability; Higher education; Context (archaeology); Face (sociological concept); Psychology; Mathematics education; Teaching method; Pedagogy; Sociology; Political science; Social science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001220264,0.0001339437,0.0002028251,0.0005847487,0.0004422791,0.0001826824,0.0003760325,0.0001151806,0.002103416],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002479736,0.0001293042,0.00004360086,0.000206571,0.00007841121,0.0002284624,0.000009554482,0.0007539042,0.0001040364],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003758721,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002637538,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009816712,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004018611,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986978,0.0004267892,0.0002948607,0.0001910159,0.0001025894,0.0002869842],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986449,0.00006276926,0.0004225457,0.0003127064,0.0002482171,0.0003088264],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000478808,0.0001931433,0.6428667,0.00001287418,0.00006764061,0.00001174939,0.01285221,0.0001876292,0.0001509055,0.08467376,0.1255404,0.1333952],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001335698,0.00007672093,0.6325222,0.00006490514,0.000008679472,0.00001223251,0.000485356,9.665662e-7,0.000008891254,0.0008458907,0.3657437,0.0000969422],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7911448,0.001880525,0.0006907803,0.04046536,0.01663179,0.0002686122,0.000001707846,0.00001402446,0.1489024],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.878638,4.740593e-7,0.003079719,0.000856023,0.001338913,0.00002061276,0.000005286416,0.0000232771,0.1160377],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2402034,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988088,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2480205481523978,"score_gpt":0.4096408611270143,"score_spread":0.1616203129746165,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}