{"id":"W1736620220","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.09.042","title":"Effect of wettability alteration on enhanced heavy oil recovery by alkaline flooding","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects","topic":"Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":123,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina; University of Calgary","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Micromodel; Wetting; Contact angle; Adsorption; Enhanced oil recovery; Imbibition; Heavy metals; Chemistry; Chemical engineering; Petroleum engineering; Materials science; Porosity; Porous medium; Geology; Environmental chemistry; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001884099,0.0002343981,0.0003655052,0.00004109236,0.00002181402,0.00003417261,0.0000602441,0.00009592361,0.000001771192],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000971016,0.000217962,0.00004066269,0.0001462177,0.00003406587,0.0001441657,0.00002981616,0.0001636722,0.000001230322],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006431912,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000727867,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001252984,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.17106e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991901,0.00001838653,0.0002011056,0.0002360353,0.0001431264,0.0002112444],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994597,0.0002026203,0.00002708056,0.0001452639,0.00003074799,0.0001345721],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007312926,0.00002231532,0.00001091658,0.000380581,0.0000267495,5.061431e-7,0.00006464015,0.01821117,0.9743448,0.00005491961,0.0003908762,0.006419418],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004047979,0.0005067259,0.00001815143,0.0001704396,0.00001415063,0.000001282868,0.000004959389,0.03528693,0.96293,0.0002381761,0.000208609,0.0002157691],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9961781,0.0008712082,0.001367731,0.0000134828,0.0001397858,0.00008419957,0.00002107647,0.000287205,0.001037225],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988239,0.0003073099,0.0006952278,0.000008930811,0.00005485929,0.00002659367,0.00001807212,0.00003014175,0.00003495552],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01707576,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.888823,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004616036688057401,"score_gpt":0.2070719562262392,"score_spread":0.2024559195381818,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}