{"id":"W1743789598","doi":"10.1111/j.1540-5982.2010.01607.x","title":"Presidential Address: Innovation in retrospect and prospect","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Innovation Policy and R&D","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Pace; Face (sociological concept); Presidential address; Business; Population; Economic growth; Industrial organization; Economics; Political science; Medicine; Public administration; Environmental health; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001376077,0.0002032429,0.0005557429,0.002142097,0.0001263931,0.0001849066,0.000343438,0.0002496459,0.0005375381],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005972094,0.0002738379,0.00008060636,0.0004377214,0.000169114,0.000677157,0.00001933532,0.0006617401,0.00003191256],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006203091,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006850974,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1042664,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9465975,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974785,0.00001333256,0.001614583,0.0003394451,0.000001456796,0.0005526914],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979641,0.00004726887,0.001092523,0.0002927865,0.000141479,0.000461869],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001850652,0.000007575803,0.106866,0.00001652386,0.00002925621,0.00002918419,0.0006267076,0.0001037152,0.00004765775,0.8916209,0.0003568955,0.0002770166],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001150224,0.0001659938,0.09455884,0.00004054705,0.000006260085,0.0003283869,0.00010889,0.0006700258,0.0002640181,0.8695,0.03276299,0.000443773],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9883553,0.0001721172,0.0000309219,0.002335265,0.001866586,0.0002156286,0.0001965083,0.000004908468,0.00682272],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975434,0.00005054734,0.0004604325,0.0005841518,0.0007500941,0.00001148841,0.00001277469,0.00003740118,0.0005497286],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8423311,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999714,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1135041352799008,"score_gpt":0.192907515532824,"score_spread":0.07940338025292312,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}