{"id":"W175434161","doi":"10.46538/hlj.8.1.5","title":"Assessing Differences and Similarities between Instructed Heritage Language Learners and L2 Learners in Their Knowledge of Spanish Tense-Aspect and Mood (TAM) Morphology","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Heritage Language Journal","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":114,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Linguistics; Heritage language; Psychology; Contrast (vision); Past tense; Phonology; Second-language acquisition; Imperfect; First language; Language proficiency; Mood; Verb; Computer science; Philosophy; Social psychology; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005747014,0.0003708787,0.000683757,0.0003798884,0.0001665796,0.0001648423,0.0002269339,0.0002919065,0.0008295435],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001305885,0.0003064781,0.0000687514,0.0002606254,0.0005354705,0.0004302014,0.0001658864,0.0007485322,0.000003798825],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003169718,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006243453,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008830193,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001106018,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978452,0.0004210618,0.000572608,0.0004437423,0.0001488577,0.0005685441],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990176,0.0002203354,0.0002782759,0.0002280791,0.00004679926,0.0002089226],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009985035,0.0001241172,0.6366084,0.0001113994,0.000182375,0.0006955245,0.3192496,7.787414e-8,0.005560506,0.0001314007,0.00004956651,0.03718719],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001680323,0.0001468358,0.5898977,0.00009467103,0.00004109358,0.0004482182,0.4069399,0.000006782751,0.0002690553,0.0001659195,0.00002037968,0.000289168],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9765568,0.01196823,0.00003286567,0.00007015023,0.0001982124,0.0001837367,0.00002291847,0.00005901746,0.01090809],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974527,0.0003450494,0.001454085,0.00009207803,0.0001202284,0.000008035086,0.00001143186,0.00005178965,0.0004646268],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08769029,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999387,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04193838286791723,"score_gpt":0.2958800192547985,"score_spread":0.2539416363868812,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}