{"id":"W176256052","doi":"10.1023/a:1017665513905","title":"Measuring Party Identification: Britain, Canada, and the United States","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Political Behavior","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":106,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; McGill University; Université de Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Identification (biology); National election; Voting; Political science; Split-ticket voting; Distribution (mathematics); Point (geometry); Group voting ticket; Social psychology; Positive economics; Psychology; Politics; Economics; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005654773,0.00006887012,0.0001101602,0.00002294895,0.0004909355,0.0001163127,0.0001035224,0.00004511255,0.0001004748],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004269522,0.00005033164,0.00002554507,0.0001884523,0.0004873368,0.00007281861,0.00001767458,0.00009698578,0.00001475122],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000177728,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000177853,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9799969,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8963551,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984313,0.0003240469,0.0002296137,0.0001285361,0.0003490136,0.000537477],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990085,0.0003506074,0.00003170895,0.0001210838,0.0001452071,0.0003428999],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008171461,0.00002270952,0.1353338,0.000003981315,0.000004032721,0.000006422353,0.0004404563,7.053718e-7,0.00001541582,0.8635082,0.0004097479,0.0002463985],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008058531,0.00002247695,0.8786617,0.00002266558,0.0001499027,0.00001116375,0.002457059,0.0001678995,0.0002576016,0.02653444,0.09060654,0.0003026836],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9792663,0.00004226547,0.00003790795,0.01805651,0.0001386737,0.0002417709,0.00001207908,0.00003335167,0.002171117],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974861,0.000006609996,0.000004045087,0.0008034259,0.0002093418,0.00007699191,0.00001320265,0.000005870073,0.001394429],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8369737,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3775928,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08280422336856627,"score_gpt":0.3406123459509469,"score_spread":0.2578081225823806,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}