{"id":"W1763681373","doi":"10.1111/bph.12771","title":"Late, never or non‐existent: the inaccessibility of preclinical evidence for new drugs","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"British Journal of Pharmacology","topic":"Animal testing and alternatives","field":"Veterinary","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; Ottawa Hospital; McGill University; Ethica (Canada)","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Medicine; Clinical trial; Efficacy; MEDLINE; Clinical study design; Drug development; Sample size determination; Drug; Pharmacology; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.4098743,0.0008758081,0.004145509,0.02543483,0.001377322,0.01808543,0.004289055,0.004444506,0.007179611],"category_scores_gemma":[0.6646616,0.001627317,0.003847268,0.02333018,0.005108955,0.02317118,0.005432928,0.005244334,0.002250186],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005817417,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01044704,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009747954,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001643425,"domain_scores_codex":[0.7361701,0.1226912,0.08067872,0.01074792,0.04777005,0.001942095],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.07715482,0.7639214,0.08738369,0.02224488,0.04679029,0.002504853],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"reproducibility","domain_candidate":"reproducibility","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004594178,0.0003387514,0.138633,0.2081586,0.009659802,0.002286814,0.008266892,0.0009690075,0.002822217,0.02494406,0.04493178,0.5543948],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001373995,0.002428428,0.1740285,0.2888316,0.01894769,0.008115415,0.01111536,0.002413068,0.007489301,0.07501163,0.4096639,0.0005811616],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05698396,0.8177556,0.02285952,0.07113487,0.00794318,0.001074162,0.008051426,0.0003320901,0.01386523],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5758679,0.3063131,0.03084067,0.05823114,0.01457953,0.002165467,0.006738085,0.0007782322,0.004485877],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5901257,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.72773,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3366179563728315,"score_gpt":0.5201421185059917,"score_spread":0.1835241621331601,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}