{"id":"W1769543864","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.00449.x","title":"Tax competition and the creation of redundant products","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Competition (biology); Business; Product (mathematics); Tax competition; Industrial organization; Welfare; Ad valorem tax; Commerce; Economics; Double taxation; Market economy; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001825615,0.000334191,0.0007346243,0.0008900245,0.00166273,0.00271437,0.0008111325,0.001040557,0.01588372],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004850448,0.0002356738,0.0004902334,0.0009472305,0.00290688,0.001849111,0.001747492,0.001262732,0.0009776657],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003797633,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001811399,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.009141285,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008708903,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99854,0.0004961538,0.00004388678,0.0002125607,0.0002957036,0.0004116034],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9942028,0.001837829,0.002310271,0.0004384256,0.0006834732,0.0005271469],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009320943,0.0004654252,0.03150233,0.0002963255,0.0001411377,0.001516525,0.001220438,0.03391502,0.004017327,0.8536516,0.01430482,0.05803704],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006464762,0.0006812627,0.05015261,0.0003911571,0.0003152044,0.002507277,0.004334711,0.09767696,0.009504756,0.7123516,0.1212749,0.000162942],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8483679,0.00220921,0.01926228,0.003073842,0.00008771053,0.00007614443,0.0003104408,0.00007281804,0.1265397],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952497,0.0002322295,0.0006624097,0.0001102766,0.00001466314,0.000008553659,0.00004719068,0.000006999367,0.003667838],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01588372,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05313629,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09050088621981829,"score_gpt":0.1770048739922162,"score_spread":0.08650398777239794,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}