{"id":"W1781211000","doi":"10.1378/chest.15-0721","title":"Ten-Year Trends in Direct Costs of COPD","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"CHEST Journal","topic":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Prevention of Organ Failure; Memorial University of Newfoundland; University of British Columbia; Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes","funders":"Genome British Columbia; National Sanitarium Association; Genome Canada","keywords":"Medicine; COPD; Cohort; Cohort study; Population; Medical record; Health care; Indirect costs; Emergency medicine; Outpatient visits; Demography; Family medicine; Environmental health; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000583203,0.0001227149,0.0003358001,0.0004181953,0.00003046158,0.00001822907,0.0001494856,0.00007424365,0.000673432],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003003925,0.0001013399,0.0001159524,0.0004821624,0.0001538064,0.0001180546,0.00005996972,0.0005048125,0.00005302512],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008466037,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005701496,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005274934,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001717164,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984673,0.00009292251,0.0003221322,0.0001673622,0.0006081252,0.0003421146],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987697,0.00004925023,0.0001038823,0.0002300247,0.0002628524,0.0005842914],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001196358,0.000841259,0.8652436,0.0002156701,0.0001292015,0.001764448,0.000666353,0.00002947203,0.001875041,0.0001756283,0.02309744,0.1047655],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005290093,0.0002477243,0.9801592,0.0002708676,0.00004898215,0.000636192,0.0008510488,0.0002376725,0.001296199,0.0001687301,0.01066193,0.0001313841],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9157601,0.002370217,0.00001223321,0.001199699,0.0002337793,0.0001210809,0.000016838,0.00001728142,0.08026878],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967202,0.00009380222,0.0003436194,0.00004380395,0.0003820862,0.000003975639,0.00001203537,0.0000245688,0.002375887],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1149156,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7373608,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04094882588237506,"score_gpt":0.3327660640271907,"score_spread":0.2918172381448156,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}