{"id":"W1790529587","doi":"10.22329/il.v35i1.4173","title":"Denying Antecedents and Affirming Consequents: The State of the Art","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Informal Logic","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Lunds Universitet; Wake Forest University","keywords":"Defeasible estate; Argument (complex analysis); Interpretation (philosophy); Epistemology; Antecedent (behavioral psychology); License; State (computer science); Heuristic; Bayesian probability; Sociology; Psychology; Philosophy; Social psychology; Political science; Computer science; Law; Artificial intelligence; Linguistics; Algorithm","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002357864,0.00005130743,0.00005995299,0.00002092698,0.0003270261,0.00006124304,0.0002061124,0.000008762484,0.00003626011],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003350033,0.00002528491,0.00002326075,0.00002064723,0.000866749,0.0003431647,0.00008693741,0.00007186703,0.00003261827],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001078668,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003286648,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004895728,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000138867,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999549,0.00001296327,0.0001250218,0.00004784761,0.0001589204,0.0001062782],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997146,0.00002181485,0.00008546113,0.00009916592,0.0000474478,0.00003150922],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001043285,0.00006544623,0.002205682,0.00007305502,0.00004148127,0.00001040612,0.2589107,0.0002798248,0.0004557563,0.7183273,0.008400254,0.01112578],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006192799,0.0002407477,0.002516448,0.00009492913,0.00002229224,0.00004883483,0.009004636,0.000426202,0.0003759529,0.06798144,0.918421,0.0002482169],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6618485,0.0002134956,0.000007609072,0.0006178489,0.0005358194,0.0001043636,0.0000109483,0.00001783082,0.3366436],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964421,0.000006258852,0.00001144755,0.001009928,0.00004599067,0.00000220184,3.739452e-7,0.000001599914,0.002480083],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9100208,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3193573,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1007286754374312,"score_gpt":0.2407189811244153,"score_spread":0.1399903056869841,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}