{"id":"W1796933572","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1740031","title":"Fairness and Independence in Investment Arbitration: A Critique of Susan Franck's 'Development and Outcomes of Investment Treaty Arbitration'","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Arbitration; Treaty; Independence (probability theory); Investment arbitration; Investment (military); Compulsory arbitration; Political science; Law; Law and economics; Economics; International investment; Foreign direct investment","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.03101195,0.0008928776,0.001984063,0.002452864,0.01201707,0.01468836,0.005276564,0.0297591,0.006900047],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04950728,0.001072324,0.001580381,0.002725834,0.05734464,0.01516774,0.007982793,0.03191895,0.001076639],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01353783,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01728279,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04278782,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03551354,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9730812,0.009883172,0.001432793,0.004122792,0.007744853,0.003735102],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9796776,0.01381881,0.001280881,0.001751119,0.002799071,0.0006724818],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003444957,0.000003352618,0.00001598789,0.000005141766,0.000002075449,0.000004703246,0.0003657176,0.00005187896,0.00000494047,0.9948891,0.00396125,0.0006924152],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002133706,0.000005105733,0.0001021471,0.00005858206,0.000007336265,0.00001307437,0.0001672941,0.0002791807,0.000065174,0.9720017,0.02726202,0.0000170049],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"commentary","genre_scores_codex":[0.01595911,0.007063336,0.06116027,0.4601422,0.00320558,0.0001500232,0.0002920449,0.0001000159,0.4519273],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.808915,0.002270676,0.01337453,0.09817562,0.006042676,0.0007522451,0.00008303491,0.0002388756,0.07014736],"genre_candidate":"commentary","genre_consensus":"commentary","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04278782,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1640089,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01588716426959825,"score_gpt":0.2319987524524448,"score_spread":0.2161115881828466,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}