{"id":"W179734992","doi":"10.1023/a:1015675404195","title":"Visualization of DNAPL Fingering Processes and Mechanisms in Water-Saturated Porous Media","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transport in Porous Media","topic":"Groundwater flow and contamination studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"University of Arizona; Office of Research and Development; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","keywords":"Porous medium; Viscous fingering; Elongation; Materials science; Homogeneous; Geotechnical engineering; Hydrogeology; Porosity; Mechanics; Geology; Composite material; Ultimate tensile strength; Physics; Thermodynamics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002096678,0.0001528979,0.0002476102,0.00009984119,0.00003570065,0.000007577317,0.0001070884,0.0000783393,0.0004356429],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002692971,0.000124598,0.00001444623,0.0003314679,0.0001000727,0.0002447502,0.00002382154,0.00007918086,0.00001710937],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005085171,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004394855,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005911834,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007527171,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987482,0.00002337177,0.0003982022,0.0002676401,0.0002990183,0.0002636052],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997307,0.00004889154,0.00005980275,0.00009542021,0.00001639534,0.00004878393],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008973323,0.0006906415,0.6833769,0.000412504,0.00003065555,0.0003586882,0.1794041,0.0004208653,0.06540328,0.0005132852,0.0000526623,0.06924672],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002039128,0.0001264618,0.9166725,0.0001847048,0.00004006292,0.00002357193,0.002455601,0.0005779298,0.07582853,0.0009491337,0.0005194097,0.0005829326],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9953334,0.0001964613,0.003740954,0.00008064006,0.0001083035,0.0001714597,0.00000556952,0.00003385884,0.0003293699],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999267,0.0002121426,0.0001780385,0.00004743339,0.00001080149,0.00002634222,0.00004429041,0.00001509038,0.0001988345],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2332956,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5080957,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01428117130751115,"score_gpt":0.2114002563519325,"score_spread":0.1971190850444214,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}