{"id":"W1798535660","doi":"10.1017/cbo9780511801624","title":"Analysing Sociolinguistic Variation","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"book","venue":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1066,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Operationalization; Variation (astronomy); Linguistics; Variable (mathematics); Multivariate analysis; Multivariate statistics; Statistics; Mathematics; Philosophy; Epistemology; Physics; Astrophysics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003946764,0.0002066868,0.0003279314,0.0002094922,0.0007367773,0.00007577871,0.0003929054,0.0005651019,0.00001486381],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003274023,0.0002754935,0.0001879185,0.00002614459,0.0003435505,0.00003543419,0.000103039,0.0003489991,0.00002644291],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009561395,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001203221,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006635334,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001050033,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984202,0.0002779124,0.0002066047,0.0003995204,0.0003608211,0.0003349846],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986105,0.0002038924,0.0003486787,0.0002738815,0.0004255165,0.0001375144],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008888104,0.000008434243,0.000003084042,0.00001580876,0.00006111111,0.0001020286,0.0007720218,0.000006718766,0.000002696046,0.8055506,0.1933759,0.00009275239],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002871817,0.00000894232,0.00006700329,0.000032797,0.0003714455,0.000001038754,0.00008446737,0.00007806926,0.000001682226,0.0001361616,0.9986516,0.0002796333],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00001488447,0.00002543772,0.004689745,0.0000386376,0.0009625761,0.0002486951,0.0001040221,0.0001925689,0.9937235],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002277261,0.00001517305,0.0002789298,0.0001002135,0.001800785,5.004391e-7,0.0002041749,0.00002394463,0.995299],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8054144,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999796,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.024596007750611,"score_gpt":0.2514449400255581,"score_spread":0.2268489322749471,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}