{"id":"W1799881147","doi":"10.1007/s11367-015-0959-7","title":"A cascaded life cycle: reuse of electric vehicle lithium-ion battery packs in energy storage systems","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment","topic":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":407,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Reuse; Battery (electricity); Battery pack; Life-cycle assessment; Energy storage; Automotive engineering; Electric vehicle; Electricity; Lithium-ion battery; Power (physics); Engineering; Computer science; Environmental science; Electrical engineering; Waste management; Production (economics)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002886612,0.0005070303,0.0004094533,0.0006302224,0.0005001313,0.0006678995,0.0009866566,0.0005029466,0.004487311],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006545706,0.0002547156,0.0005461419,0.0005831635,0.0003319612,0.001652221,0.0004366739,0.0003616006,0.0004797735],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006923932,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008291427,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003501207,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005907433,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998097,0.00003082011,0.000009948611,0.00003448534,0.0000885772,0.0000266464],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997967,0.00004092663,0.00001302658,0.00004626017,0.00008865252,0.00001443033],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002989602,0.0009214802,0.00998613,0.001040601,0.0001158643,0.000647234,0.0003114809,0.2455601,0.2193517,0.01823357,0.003919684,0.4969225],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001408065,0.002641008,0.008587572,0.00009634056,0.0001391312,0.0004696843,0.0001856034,0.7318065,0.2347386,0.009617313,0.01148453,0.00009290809],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8365078,0.00253474,0.1383316,0.0003207049,0.0001738045,0.0005095083,0.0007090538,0.0006985365,0.02021424],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.981545,0.000455873,0.01429993,0.00002777899,0.00001094107,0.00004903193,0.0001553703,0.00003976919,0.003416316],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004487311,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01501155,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02488031540957662,"score_gpt":0.3040947203425791,"score_spread":0.2792144049330024,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}