{"id":"W1805107324","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4614-1686-9_4","title":"Introduction and Mathematical Preliminaries","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Texts in applied mathematics","topic":"History and Theory of Mathematics","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007398278,0.001501845,0.001089749,0.002587376,0.001500871,0.003438094,0.00167033,0.00161548,0.106753],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002125684,0.0006562093,0.0007102143,0.003539561,0.002286835,0.004551717,0.001547717,0.004354373,0.07570155],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001214966,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001277978,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001287765,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001687084,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994195,0.0001092701,0.00004022844,0.0001446415,0.0002358324,0.00005065453],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994197,0.0002791659,0.00004002651,0.00006596367,0.0001563605,0.00003886497],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001852522,0.00009576061,0.0001318878,0.0007525848,0.000006193501,0.00008957653,0.0004967873,0.0002851268,0.00054361,0.6484057,0.2877273,0.06144696],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003684966,0.00001224662,0.0001561058,0.0002199433,0.000004097947,0.0001033984,0.00006130538,0.00008543419,0.00007685839,0.1657798,0.8334901,0.000006982606],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.001187823,0.0593462,0.03175252,0.007881482,0.005951408,0.0001878875,0.003016562,0.0005695546,0.8901066],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02714962,0.08533762,0.04329274,0.01141253,0.01209198,0.001002589,0.006190238,0.0009066919,0.812616],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.106753,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3571244,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03698995779330585,"score_gpt":0.2499374035565608,"score_spread":0.2129474457632549,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}