{"id":"W1817827583","doi":"","title":"What is animal welfare? Common definitions and their practical consequences.","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PubMed","topic":"Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies","field":"Veterinary","cited_by":158,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Prince Edward Island","funders":"","keywords":"Animal welfare; Affect (linguistics); Welfare; Positive economics; Public economics; Environmental ethics; Law and economics; Psychology; Sociology; Political science; Economics; Law; Philosophy; Biology; Ecology; Communication","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002128307,0.0001738689,0.0002168989,0.00004232277,0.0003550743,0.0001435873,0.0000606657,0.00008111768,0.0002106141],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009912578,0.0001396448,0.00006443574,0.00009922341,0.0003589927,0.0004547082,0.00006620961,0.0001809554,0.00003274255],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003004884,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001401043,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004378014,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001329978,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989267,0.0001188749,0.0001904211,0.0002755074,0.000111054,0.0003774173],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994593,0.0001300957,0.00005545973,0.000171981,0.0000491518,0.0001339991],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001266846,0.001228998,0.2187849,0.0001445444,0.0005226976,0.001544594,0.006220135,8.031326e-8,0.002449491,0.667482,0.01547268,0.08488308],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003791937,0.0001937312,0.9374934,0.000008845417,0.00006239053,0.001025746,0.005144976,8.726419e-7,0.0005201928,0.002578391,0.05230803,0.0002841704],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9475485,0.001829406,0.00001108962,0.02049426,0.000291119,0.0005328562,0.00007194033,0.0001254458,0.02909538],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978712,0.0006145137,0.0001004867,0.0006200208,0.00002685131,0.0006748714,0.000005397148,0.00001751579,0.00006919946],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7187086,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.569455,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1539570668913706,"score_gpt":0.3312965871246803,"score_spread":0.1773395202333096,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}