{"id":"W1818970564","doi":"10.1002/sce.21135","title":"Inquiry, Engagement, and Literacy in Science: A Retrospective, Cross‐National Analysis Using PISA 2006","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science Education","topic":"Science Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":115,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Science education; Science learning; Scientific literacy; Mathematics education; Literacy; Psychology; Affect (linguistics); Pedagogy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002591634,0.0001809147,0.0003806449,0.002364039,0.001514175,0.001421323,0.0003933344,0.0003842063,0.001551399],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00833609,0.0004565452,0.0005345792,0.003641242,0.0007272291,0.001368363,0.00220781,0.001205009,0.0007002896],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001031662,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001317046,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03852511,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05980079,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990153,0.0002998883,0.0001415464,0.0001278035,0.0002581466,0.0001571165],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.993422,0.001626997,0.00235018,0.0006827073,0.001334346,0.0005839059],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002124455,0.00005660805,0.994128,0.00001347194,0.00001783541,0.00002838882,0.003550881,0.00002188548,0.00009602878,0.00003275348,0.0001993546,0.001833551],"study_design_scores_gemma":[7.264383e-7,0.00003418315,0.9955711,0.000007781897,0.000007089418,0.00004647215,0.003647476,0.00005020502,0.00007560078,0.000008543009,0.0005472328,0.000003608861],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9980027,0.00004306444,0.0001203931,0.00004039165,0.000003004644,0.00002340323,0.000765774,0.000002979289,0.0009983205],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964406,0.0001503073,0.0003053149,0.00005479296,0.000005848635,0.0001343553,0.002195498,0.000006403738,0.0007068652],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03852511,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07660174,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09143841100794485,"score_gpt":0.4992093879492169,"score_spread":0.4077709769412721,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}